English language Programmes

• Introduction to the four test sections:
• Listening
• Speaking
• Reading (G.T. vs. Aca.)
• Writing (G.T. vs. Aca.)

•    Overview of most common lexical themes: (1) Advertisements, (2) Business, (3) Covid-19 & Health, (4) Culture, (5) Education, (6) Environment, (7) Fashion, (8) Food, (9) Personality, (10) Travel
• Parts of Speech & extension into: (1) collocations & word partnerships, (2) phrasal verbs, (3) common Idioms

• Strategies for Skimming and Scanning
• Deducing context from text type

• Personality
• People: Parts of the Face
• Body language

Incorporating relevant thematic vocabulary into writing

Asking for general factual information

Expressing needs/ wants/ likes or dislikes

Expressing opinions/ complaints

Making requests or suggestions/ recommendations

• Advertisements
• Business

Argumentation

• Writing in a Semi-formal/neutral discursive tone
• Explaining a situation, responding to a point of view/ argument/ problem
• Outlining and/or presenting a solution, justifying an opinion, evaluating evidence and ideas
• Communicating more abstract and complex ideas

• Environment
• Vegetables & Plants
• Camping

• Personal Information
• Daily Life
• Hobbies/ Interests
• Home
• Family
• Work/ Studies

• Fluency & coherence
• Self-introduction
• Talking about daily routines and interests
• Communicating opinions & information on everyday topics/ common experiences/situations by answering a range of questions

• Education
• School & University

• Actively listen to questions to structure responses
• Use descriptive language
• Share past experiences using appropriate tenses and time expressions

• Travel
• Culture

• Different contexts (e.g., social context, training context, academic subjects) & challenges (e.g., everyday monologue, technical monologue, dialogue, conversation between up to 4 people) for listening
• Note-taking

• Recognising context
• Following a conversation between two or more people
• Understanding main points & detailed factual information
• Listening for specific words/ phrases/ numbers & filling in with no more and no less than the number of words stipulated in the rubric
• Relating descriptions to visual representations
• Inferring meaning from extra-verbal cues
• Recording relevant points when taking notes
• Minding spelling while note-taking

• Fashion
• Casual vs. Formal clothes

• Test simulation
• Time management
• Tips & tricks of the trade for individual exercise types

• Food
• Covid-19 & Health

• Speaking at greater depth
• Expressing & justifying opinions
• Expressing complex ideas
• Analysing & speculating about issues

• Crime & Punishment
• Newspapers

• Read for gist, main ideas, detail, skimming, understanding logical arguments, recognising writers’ opinions/ attitudes and purposes
• Read from a range of sources (e.g., books, journals, magazines, newspapers) and types (descriptive, factual, discursive, analytical)
• Identify a variety of styles.
• Follow a detailed logical argument and help oneself by taking notes.
• Deal with non-verbal materials such as diagrams, graphs, illustrations, comparing them with discursive material about them, and use helpful keys and glossaries

Interpret and describe/ summarise/ explain the information in one’s own words

• Summarising
• Paraphrasing
• Describing/ Explaining Data
• Describing stages of a process/ how something works/ an object/ event
• Writing in a semi-formal/ neutral style (in either the active or the passive)

• Art & Paintings
• Films
• Musical instruments

• Test simulation
• Time management
• Tips & tricks of the trade for individual exercise types

•     Introduction to the Exam
• Exam Structure, Format, and Marking Criteria
• Familiarisation with the question types
• Speaking strategies: introducing oneself, giving true/ present/ personal information
• Reading strategies: skimming, scanning techniques
• Listening strategies: for gist, to follow main points, for specific information
• Writing strategies: recognising the level of formality required by form, some informal/ formal/ academic phrases

• Personality
• Friends, family, and relationships

• Listening Parts 3, 4
• Reading & Use of English Parts 1, 5
• Writing Parts 1 (essay), 2 (article)

• Speaking strategies: describing pictures 1: tenses to use, talking about setting and character
• Reading strategies: understanding the text, grammar and vocabulary tasks
• Listening strategies: understanding the content of what you hear in depth, especially opinions and attitudes of speakers
• Writing strategies: planning and writing drafts, organising ideas, using related word families and appropriate language

• Feelings
• The Past, time

• Reading & Use of English Parts 1, 5, 7
• Listening Part 1
• Writing Part 2 (article, review)

• Speaking strategies: describing pictures 2: strategies for talking about the obvious, guessing and speculating
• Listening strategies: note-taking, information transfer, keeping it short, spelling
• Reading strategies: predicting answers before looking at multiple-choice options, choosing answers closest to predictions
• Writing strategies: Introductions: features, the language involved, analysing yours,

• Travel
• Cities and towns

• Listening Part 2
• Reading & Use of English Parts 1, 4, 7
• Writing Part 2 (article)

• Speaking strategies: gambits for answering questions, ways of masking hesitation
• Reading strategies: inferring topic, context, the stance of the writer, and the meaning of words from context
• Writing strategies: Conclusions: features, the language involved, analysing yours

• Houses and homes
• Rooms
• Clothes

• Reading & Use of English Parts 1, 3, 6
• Writing Parts 1 (essay), 2 (story)

• Speaking strategies: answering questions about read information and using prompts to justify responses
• Reading strategies: reading for understanding of structure and the role of linking words, reading to insert missing titles/ topic sentences/ sentences
• Writing strategies: subject-verb agreement, topic sentences, discourse markers: linkers, using semi-colons instead of linking words

• Leisure time, hobbies and games
• Sport

• Reading & Use of English Parts 2, 3, 4
• Writing Part 2 (e-mail)

• Speaking strategies: expressing personal opinions, talking about how something affects you, building on what others have said
• Listening strategies: predicting answers, specific words, listening for specific words/ phrases/ numbers, listening to different accents and rates of speech
• Reading strategies: familiarity with a range of complex texts (e.g., newspapers, magazines, websites, advertisements, brochures, blogs, text messages, timetables and schedules, nutritional information etc.)
• Writing strategies: expressing opinions, developing a stance, using intensifiers when building a stance, writing a thesis statement, evaluative writing

• Food
• Art
• Music, sounds

• Listening Parts 1, 2
• Reading & Use of English Parts 2, 6
• Writing Part 1 (essay)

• Speaking strategies: expressing convictions, giving a reason, checking that it’s a good reason, recognising other perspectives, reaching a balanced conclusion
• Reading strategies: applying the best reading strategy to the type of text (e.g., scanning to find information on a leaflet, reading a text message or e-mail to compose a reply)
• Listening strategies: the effects of linking on sounds
• Writing strategies: supporting and exemplifying

• Television, cinema and theatre
• Books and writing

• Listening Part 3
• Reading & Use of English Parts 3, 5, 7
• Writing Part 2 (review)

• Practice Exam under Exam Conditions
• Review and Mock Exam
• Feedback and Error Analysis
• Speaking strategies: actions in order, telling a story, adding things, finishing your story
• Reading strategies: difficult vocabulary: skip it, guess from context and the rest of the text, use word-building powers to guess a word’s function, finding synonyms from multiple choice questions in the text to get at correct answers
• Listening strategies: talks about specialist subjects
• Writing strategies: relevance, not going ‘out of point’

• School and education
• University courses

• Reading & Use of English Parts 2, 4, 6, 7
• Writing Parts 1 (essay), 2 (story and report)

• Additional practice tests and review of weak areas (Part 1)
• Speaking strategies: expressing reservations, arguing and counter-arguing, generalising and making exceptions
• Reading strategies: timed reading, having enough time to find answers
• Listening strategies: make intelligent guesses if you don’t understand what you hear

• Health, fitness, lifestyle

• Reading & Use of English Part 4

• Additional practice tests and review of weak areas (Part 2)
• Speaking strategies: changing the subject, correcting yourself, getting to what you really mean
• Reading/ listening strategies: think about why a multiple choice answer is right or wrong, demonstrate why some choices are wrong and the correct answer is correct, justify choices, the role of distractor questions and how these can lead to wrong answers

• Jobs, personal qualities
• Business and finance

• Reading & Use of English Parts 2, 3
• Writing Part 2 (letter of application)

• Skills and Exam Strategy (Part 1)
• Time management and identifying common mistakes (Part 1)

• Science
• The environment and sustainability
• Technology and communication

• Listening Part 4
• Reading & Use of English Parts 1, 4
• Writing Parts 2 (letter)

• Skills and Exam Strategy (Part 2)
• Time management and identifying common mistakes (Part 2)
• Exam Wellbeing: Mindfulness for Exams

• Geography, climate, and weather
• Social Issues and global challenges

• Reading & Use of English Parts 1, 2, 6
• Writing Part 2 (e-mail)

• Introduction to the Exam
• Exam Structure, Format, and Marking Criteria
• Familiarisation with the question types
• Interactions possible with examiner/ partner(s)
• Speaking strategy: talk about the people in the pictures not yourself, interacting in a two-way conversation
• Listening strategy: using time before each conversation to familiarise oneself with questions and options and to anticipate what one is likely to hear, identifying cues
• Reading strategy: complete and thorough reading, understanding the structure of a text and text organisation features
• Use of English strategy: prefixes, suffixes, internal word changes, compounding
• Writing strategy: using formal words, phrases, and structures in essays, letters of application, and avoiding contractions

•  Speaking Parts 2, 3
• Listening Parts 2, 3
• Reading Part 7
• Use of English Parts 2, 3
• Writing Part 2 (formal letter)

• Speaking strategy: adding phrases for giving reasons and adding information to elongate your turns, comparing
• Listening strategy: identifying purpose and function, understanding specific information and stated opinion
• Reading strategy: choosing the correct answer based on whether it is mentioned at all, understanding inference and implication
• Use of English strategy: easily confused words
• Writing strategy: structuring an essay, using semi-formal words, phrases, and structures in a proposal, appropriate to context and reader, structuring a report

• Eating and drinking
• Food for thought
• Deception
• The World about Us
• Attitude adverbials
• Expressions with ‘work’

• Speaking Parts 2, 3, 4
• Listening Parts 1, 2, 4
• Reading Parts 5, 8
• Use of English Parts 1, 2, 3, 4
• Writing Parts 1 (essay), 2 (informal letter, report)

• Speaking strategy: manage speaking time carefully to respond to questions as well as compare and contrast the two pictures, speculating
• Listening strategy: identifying agreement, incorrect information can also fit in each of the gaps for listening gap-fills so think about the meaning to decide
• Reading strategy: choosing from words or ideas that occur, sometimes more than once, in the text/listening but are distractors vs. choosing according to whether the meaning matches after reviewing all the information, using context to guess the meanings of unknown words
• Writing strategy: common expressions used in formal language, word-building and learning all possible forms of words (verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs)

• Ambition and Aiming High
• Collocations
• Word-building (nouns)

• Speaking Parts 2, 3
• Listening Part 1
• Reading Part 5
• Use of English Part 3
• Writing Part 2 (formal letter)

• Speaking strategy:  respond to your partner, comment on their opinions, dis/agree, but remember to be polite and respectful throughout and to give general examples to support what you say to give your partner something to respond to
• Listening strategy: identifying feeling, dealing with paraphrase, using the second listening to check and confirm answers
• Reading strategy: gap-filling with conscious choice of word form, using content clues
• Writing strategy: structuring a review, using descriptive and dramatic language, avoiding putting opinions or recommendations in the section of the report where factual detail is being given, referring to research

• Changes
• Smell
• Word-building (adjectives, adverbs)

• Speaking Part 3
• Listening Parts 1, 2, 3, 4
• Reading Parts 7, 8
• Use of English Parts 2, 3, 4
• Writing Part 2 (review, report)

• Speaking strategy: structure your long turn with linkers and signposting phrases
• Listening & Reading strategy: the importance of learning English in lexical chunks involving collocations and phrasal verbs, understanding gist/ the main point
• Use of English strategy: dependent prepositions
• Writing strategy: making recommendations, avoiding repetition of adjectives and adverbs in the same text to avoid narrow-sounding vocabulary

• This is the modern world
• Amount
• Words: Verbs formed with up, down, over, under

• Speaking Part 2
• Listening Parts 2, 4
• Reading Part 7
• Use of English Parts 1, 2, 4
• Writing Part 2 (report)

• Speaking strategy: avoid giving all your opinions on all the prompts in one go, dealing with unfamiliar vocabulary, evaluating/ referring/ reassessing
• Listening strategy: thinking about the heard context for the words made out, correcting mistakes
• Reading strategy: identifying paraphrases and synonyms, correct sentences or paragraphs for gaps often add similar/ contrasting ideas to sentences, give reasons or examples
• Writing strategy: giving reasons for what you choose to discuss

• Time
• Body idioms

• Speaking Parts 2, 3
• Listening Parts 2, 4
• Reading Part 6
• Use of English Part 4
• Writing Part 1 (essay)

•  Speaking strategy: take the opportunity to improve your answers by using extension questions to your partner’s task but do not speak for too long, developing a discussio
• Listening and Reading strategy: find the information that the question relates to then re-read carefully to work out person’s opinion, identifying similar and contrasting opinions
• Writing strategy: using examples in essays and reviews to support opinions and to add detail to what is discussed

• Health
• Risk
• Feeling Good
• Word-building (verbs)

• Speaking Parts 3, 4
• Listening Part 3
• Reading Parts 5, 6
• Use of English Parts 1, 3

Writing Part 1 (essay)

• Practice Exam under Exam Conditions
• Review and Mock Exam
• Feedback and Error Analysis
• Speaking strategy: if you don’t know much about a topic, say that you do not have an opinion or encourage your partner to give the first response if the examiner asks you both
• Writing strategy: using adjectives that indicate opinion
• Reading strategy: finding information using pronouns and reference words, remembering that pronouns have backwards and forwards reference to whole ideas as well as single words
• Writing strategy: impersonal sentences

• Sleep
• Intelligence and ability
• All in the mind?

• Speaking Parts 2, 3, 4
• Listening Parts 2, 4
• Reading Part 5
• Use of English Parts 3, 4
• Writing Part 2 (review)

• Additional practice tests and review of weak areas (Part 1)
• Speaking strategy: negotiating towards a decision, when discussing/ negotiating, it doesn’t matter if you don’t reach a final decision in the time given – it’s the language you use that counts
• Writing strategy: effective introductions and conclusions, persuasive language

• Relationships
• Getting on
• Verb + noun collocations

• Speaking Parts 2, 3, 4
• Listening Parts 1, 3
• Reading Part 7
• Use of English Parts 1, 2
• Writing Part 2 (proposal)

• Additional practice tests and review of weak areas (Part 2)
• Speaking strategy: information about yourself does not have to be true but equally, no one is judging you and your opinions – only your language is being evaluated, using a range of language, asking for repetition of the question
• Reading strategy: understanding purpose and attitude
• Writing strategy: using correct register

• Describing rooms, houses
• Home
• Sound and noise

• Speaking Part 1
• Listening Part 4
• Reading Parts 5, 6
• Use of English Parts 1, 2, 3
• Writing Part 2 (informal e-mail)

• Skills and Exam Strategy (Part 1)
• Time management and identifying common mistakes (Part 1)
• Speaking strategy: examiners can only repeat the question, they cannot rephrase it

• Going places
• Describing an adventure
• Anger
• Word-building (alternatives from the same prompt word)

• Speaking Part 2
• Listening Parts 2, 3
• Reading Part 8
• Use of English Parts 2, 3, 4
• Writing Part 1 (essay)

• Skills and Exam Strategy (Part 2)
• Time management and identifying common mistakes (Part 2)
• Exam Wellbeing: Mindfulness for Exams
• Speaking strategy: think about types of questions you may be asked but avoid rehearsing answers to avoid sounding like you prepared them before the exam, justifying your opinions
• Writing strategy: engaging the reader

• A cultural education
• Sight
• Nouns formed with in, out, up, down, back

• Speaking Parts 3, 4
• Listening Parts 1, 2
• Reading Part 7
• Use of English Parts 2, 3
• Writing Part 2 (proposal, review)

• Thinking about what students in higher education write
• Types of writing
• Extended writing
• Writing a project
• Analysing the task
• Starting a project

• Choosing a topic for your extended essay
• Developing a topic
• Critical thinking
• Establishing a focus
• Developing a stance: Writing a thesis statement
• Establishing a working title
• Planning a Project

• Structuring projects
• Finding information
• Descriptive and evaluative writing
• Identifying evaluative writing
• Choosing sources
• Selective reading for source material
• Working with abstracts
• Purposeful reading and reading for a purpose
• Reading, note-making, and thinking critically
• Analysing websites
• Deciding when to avoid using online sources

• Phrases, clauses and sentences
• More advanced sentences
• Writing paragraphs

• Writing better paragraphs
• Writing essays
• Writing better essays: how to plan, research, argue

• Stages of writing a summary or paraphrase
• Incorporating evidence into academic work
• Acknowledging your sources
• Referencing
• Following academic conventions in referencing
• Writing a bibliography

• Quotations, paraphrases, and plagiarism
• Avoiding plagiarism and AI-gerism
• Preparing for tutorials

• Features of introductions
• Identifying the thesis statement
• The language of introductions
• Analysing your introduction
• Features of conclusions
• The language of conclusions
• Analysing your conclusion
• Features of definitions and good examples

• Writing argumentative essays
• Writing descriptive essays
• Writing cause and effect essays
• Writing problem-solving essays
• Writing persuasive essays
• Writing a proposal

• The purpose of data
• Working with data
• Incorporating references in the text
• The language for incorporating data
• Assessing and interpreting data

• Identifying the features of abstracts
• Conference abstracts (writing them)
• Preparing an oral presentation
• Editing your presentation slides
• Preparing a poster presentation

• Editing your written work
• How and when to rewrite
• Controlling your argument
• Writing elegantly
• Proof-reading and common error types

• Categories of catering, venues, & services
• Types of catering outlets
• Catering roles and responsibilities (e.g., kitchen staff, front-of-house staff)

• Introduce oneself, discuss catering preferences, serving in different types of catering outlets, exchanging information.
• Key catering terms.
• Read to understand catering job descriptions, about the catering industry, different types of restaurants.
• Listen to follow basic instructions in a catering context.
• Complete a catering survey; an entry for an online guide.

• Different Foods
• Nutrients
• Food preparation and cooking techniques

• Exchange information about eating habits and nutrition, describe food preparation methods & cooking processes, follow recipes.
• Read about food to classify it according to its nutrients, and about cooking techniques.
• Write a basic recipe.

• Plating and presentation skills
• Food hygiene
• Clothes and personal hygiene

• Talk through basic kitchen rules and give instructions for plating a recipe to a trainee, ask and respond to information about uniforms.
• Use imperative sentences for instructions.
• Food presentation vocabulary.
• Read to understand recipes, to identify items of clothing.
• Listen to and follow plating instructions.
• Write up simple recipes with descriptions of food presentation, design a personal hygiene poster.

• Kitchen areas, machinery and equipment
• Review kitchen hygiene and safety rules
• Talk about broader safety procedures in hospitality

• Brainstorm kitchen hygiene and food safety rules, talk about how to minimise risks & procedures for dealing with situations, discuss kitchen organisation.
• Use modals for strong recommendation/ obligation/ no obligation/ prohibition.
• Read about kitchen design and equipment.
• Listen to technical data, rules and regulations for gist, order, note-taking; to make sentences.

• Types of pastry
• Pastry making
• Different fats

• Share tips about pasty making, describe and explain methods and recipes.
• Read about different types of pastry for understanding of gist and sequence.
• Listen to a talk about different types of fats to take notes.
• Rewrite a pastry recipe containing mistakes.

Courses

Types of menus (e.g., à la carte, buffet, fixed)

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)

Diets

Dietary considerations, allergies, eating disorders, and special requests

Making and responding to guests’ indications that something is missing/ they require a top-up/ and other special restaurant orders

• Compare different menus, discuss menu options and dietary restrictions, roleplay a situation involving an allergy, follow a flow chart to talk about how to deal with eating disorders.
• Use modal verbs for offering and requesting.
• Menu-related terms and dietary preferences.
• Read about what makes a good menu, sample menus for content and structure (label the parts), identify different types of menu and to find food information, about HACCP.
• Listen to take orders and understand special requests.
• Create sample menus and handle special requests (e.g., for a gluten-free option) in writing.

•    Taking a reservation
• Taking customers’ orders
• Explaining menus and dishes
• Talking about cheeses and coffee
• Presenting the customer with the bill

• Roleplay taking reservations and special orders, making recommendations, presenting customers with the bill.
• Talking about quantity, ask and answer questions with correct sentence order and courtesy.
• Review menu-related terms, terms related to how dishes are presented or cooked, and cheeses as desserts.
• Listen to a server presenting the bill for specific phrases, ordered items for note-taking and specific words and phrases.
• Design a three-course menu with options and roleplay talking about the dishes, ordering, and responding.

• Types of bar
• Drinks and equipment
• Service at the bar
• Handling intoxicated guests
• Wine and drinks service at table
• Coffee shop service

•  Roleplay requesting different types of drinks and asking questions (as customer) and understanding and confirming orders (as barman), conversational functions for requests and for firm handling of rowdy or intoxicated guests, doing a bar inventory.
• Question formation, prepositions in questions.
• Terms related to alcoholic, non-alcoholic and warm beverages.
• Read about different types of bar and to identify essential bar equipment.
• Listen for specific information, phrasing.
• Write an e-mail ordering new stock for the bar.

• Meeting customer needs
• Dealing with complaints and apologies
• Handling mistakes and problems

• Conversational functions for dealing with customer needs, Roleplay a situation with a customer and a hotel mistake by checking details, finding solutions, and offering compensation.
• Understand and use all forms of need, present perfect, indirect questions.
• Listen for gist, specific information, and to prepare polite responses.
• Handle a complaint professionally in writing, acknowledging, apologising and promising action.

• Exploring culinary traditions and cooking techniques in different countries
• International dishes, flavours, and ingredients
• Cultural considerations in catering

• Roleplay a TV chef show, discuss culinary preferences and experiences with international cuisines, discuss ingredients and techniques to create a global fusion menu.
• Use comparative and superlative forms for descriptions.
• Learn culinary terms, words associated with international dishes, and diction for cultural respect.
• Reading complete fact files about different nationality’s cuisines, scanning worldwide recipes for information.
• Listen to understand and follow international recipes.
• Writing a global fusion menu OR about the cultural significance of an international dish OR about a foreign cuisine for a food magazine.

• Different service techniques
• Types of crockery, cutlery, and serving plates
• Buffet setup and service
• Banquet event planning
• Event logistics and timelines
• Communication with clients and vendors

• Explain buffet setup, talk through banquet plans.
• Use conversational functions for description, explanation, and guidance and future tenses for planning.
• Terms for table decoration and practicalities related to service.
• Read about the dis/advantages of different service techniques, an event planning checklist to respond to the plan and the timeline.
• Listen to prioritise a server’s duties, prepare a response and coordinate buffet service/ banquet events.
• Write setup and service instructions for a buffet or banquet, write a polite request to a vendor/ supplier.

• Catering for weddings, parties, and corporate events
• Customizing menus for special occasions
• Event-specific catering logistics

• Shortlist and discuss catered special events, involving cultural exchange among students.
• Use festive adjective and noun families to create event-specific menus.
• Read to compare catering plans for weddings and corporate events.
• Listen to plans to customise menus for specific occasions.
• Conceptualise a special event complete with theme, venue, guest list, a signature dish, beverage pairing, service style and report on it from the point of view of a guest who attended it.

• Marketing acronyms
• The Marketing Mix and related terms

Product types

• Discuss products and physical evidence.
• Word combinations with ‘goods’ and ‘products’.
• Read a definition of marketing for gist, about the 4Ps/ 4Cs and extended marketing mix for understanding and to take notes.
• Follow a discussion about the purpose of marketing for understanding of an expert dialogue.
• Write a short reflection on one of the 4Ps.

• Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats
• Product life cycle

• Product evolution show and tell/ present a collage showing the life cycle of a product.
• Listen to a product presentation to identify grammar structures: past simple and ‘used to’.
• Read about SWOT analysis for understanding of gist, structure, and logical links.
• Write a SWOT analysis in reverse, identifying weaknesses and threats first then solving them.

• Terms for and related to market segmentation
• Types of data
• Types of research and data collection methods
• Questionnaires
• Focus Groups

• Debate how market research affects brands, describe survey results, deal with questions during and after a presentation.
• Range of vocabulary related to market research.
• Use question tags to ask for information, confirm what you know, make requests and express polite commands; reporting verb patterns.
• Read about primary research methods for information transfer into tables, graded market research reports to label features.
• Listen to a focus group discussion about a new app for gist, specific information, and understanding of specific questions; listen to the needs of a new client to respond with needs analysis.
• Fill in a questionnaire, complete a needs analysis, write a summary of findings from a report.

• Describing changes and trends in data
• Talking about emerging market trends

• Discuss innovative marketing strategies, brainstorm ways of adapting to consumer behaviour shifts, describing charts and graphs.
• Terms related to charts, graphs, lines and trend behaviour.
• Future simple tenses for prediction of future behaviour.
• Read charts and graphs for understanding, information transfer, and to prepare oral and written responses.
• Write a letter from the future describing envisioned market trends in a specific industry OR create a market trend playlist, selecting songs that capture the essence of a particular trend plus short descriptions explaining choices.

• Types of online marketing channels
• Types of platforms for social media marketing
• Buzzwords related to search engine optimization (SEO)
• Mobile hardware and software for marketing
• Types of innovative and cross-cultural marketing
• Terms and word partnerships related to localisation vs. standardisation

• Do information gaps and talk about how trends in mobile hardware and software will contribute to mobile marketing, shortlist top 10 international brands, justify choices, and speculate about why brands fail, roleplay a dialogue related to challenges to global marketing.
• Present perfect, appropriate time adverbs/ clauses for talking about experience, types of clauses towards more complex sentences.
• Read about the 5 areas of digital marketing that drive change for understanding of gist, note-taking, and information transfer, read about international marketing mistakes for specific information, read a blog entry to prepare a response.
• Listen to an expert talk about content marketing tools and tactics to engage with a brand’s audience.
• Write a set of social media posts for a particular brand or product OR write a review about user experience with a specific digital marketing campaign, adapt marketing content to different regional/ national audiences.

• Origins and history of advertising
• Elements of advertising
• Types of promotional media

• Trip down memory lane with adverts, debate on the ethics of advertising, justify a choice of medium for a specific advertising campaign.
• Terms related to places where promotions happen (e.g., TV, radio, outdoor, press and print, online, buzz, displays, street, direct).
• Modals of strong recommendation, obligation, and speculation.
• Read about the development of advertising, elements of an effective advert to prepare a set of tips.
• Listen to an expert in advertising about visual and audio elements in advertising for gist, understanding of technical jargon.
• Write a short written reflection on the effectiveness of branded material based on notes from a listening.

• Features of an advert
• Elements of adverts specific to types of media

• Interpreting from visual data, conversational functions for expressing what someone else wanted to covey, expressing opinions and justifying them.
• Adjectives and abstract nouns for emotions and emotional stimuli, word-building.
• Read about brand stretching for gist and inference of specialist language.
• Listen to a radio, tv, and Instagram reel ads (possibly even parodies) for gist, for specific emotive phrases, to prepare an oral reaction.
• Write a slogan for a specific advert, design a storyboard for an effective advertising campaign.

• Jobs, roles, titles
• Responsibilities
• Skills

• Comparing job preferences, suitability in qualities and skills and strengths
• Adjectives of personality and nouns for types of people
• Word building, word partnerships, collocation
• Read job openings and descriptions for gist, for key qualities and skills, and to prepare a written response
• Follow a podcast about the realities of industry work to identify context, speaker’s attitude.

• Types of and venues for product placement
• Types of sponsorship
• Promotional language at a trade fair

• Debate the usefulness of product placement, share creative venues for product placement, talk about events sponsorship.
• Difference between ‘advertising’/ ’sponsorship’/ ‘promotion’, word combinations with ‘sponsor’.
• Zero and 1^st conditional structures and time phrases.
• Read a variety of authentic promotional materials to identify context, function, specific phrases and compare between them.
• Listen to a successful candidate at a trade fair for specific phrases and conversational functions.
• Write a dialogue for characters at a trade fair.

• Types of promotional correspondence (e.g., telemarketing, mailshots)
• Promotional language appropriate to different types

• Place a promotional phone call and use conversational functions for persuasion to prevent the listener from putting down the phone.
• Conversational strategies and functions of persuasion (e.g., engaging storytelling).
• 2^nd and 3^rd conditional structures and time phrases.
• Read a corporate blog to understand structure and tone.
• Listen to a promotional/ sales phone call to identify context, speakers’ attitude, infer technical words.
• Create a professional mailshot, complete with text, images, slogan/ heading, and an idea of the target audience to be mailed.

•    Attracting Attention
• Persuading
• Making offers and promises

• Make an unsolicited offer phone call, negotiate for goals against a point system.
• Conversational functions for persuasion, offers, and promises (involves review of future with ‘will’ and modals).
• Read an overview of various sales techniques for gist, to take notes, to prepare an oral reaction.
• Follow a negotiation during an unsolicited phone call for key information, specific phrases, and to model a role play script on it.
• Writing an unsolicited offer.

• Personal skills
• Job applications
• Job interviews

• Present oneself in a positive light during a mock interview.
• Adjectives and positive phrases for personal qualities, nouns for skills and experience.
• Review the past simple vs. the present perfect for talking about experience.
• Read model CVs and covering letters to compare and contrast.
• Listen to interview questions, answers for note-taking on tips.
• Compose a successful CV and covering letter.

Developing an HR strategy

Writing up the HR strategy

• Terms related to strategic approaches to HR, expressing opinions.
• Listen to a conversation and presentation for understanding of gist, specific technical information.
• Read a summary of strategic approaches to HR to follow key facts, an HR strategy document with implementation and monitoring plan for understanding of structure.
• Formal written English, follow a model to create own HR strategy documents.

Solving resourcing problems

• Discuss company resourcing, describe market conditions, present a resourcing plan.
• Vocabulary related to resourcing methods and plans, HR collocations, conversational functions for interaction in meetings, describing cause and effect.
• Read and listen to a current employee profile for key information, a resourcing plan flowchart for understanding of structure and staging, a model resourcing plan.
• Paraphrase a piece of research in writing.

Recruitment sources and advertising

Identifying suitable candidates

Conducting interviews

Choosing the right candidate

• Vocabulary for describing personality, interview and candidate assessment methods, functions for introducing and asking follow-up questions, exchanging information, making suggestions, dis/agreeing with selections.
• Listen to a discussion about person specification, tips on posing interview questions, extracts from 2 interviews.
• Read a job profile and person specification template for identification of advertising context, specific phrases for inference of new vocabulary, and note-taking, a summary and two psychometric profiles to prepare an oral/ written response.
• Prepare a summary of candidate requirements.

A CV

The job interview (from the candidate’s point of view)

Ageism

• Arranging an appointment over the phone/ by e-mail, answering interview questions favourably, establishing rapport with the questioner.
• Read about controversial interview question types to follow key information, to prepare an oral response.
• Listen to tips for handling controversial interview questions and building rapport during an interview for specific words, phrases, and information transfer.
• Tailoring a CV to the job advertisement requirements.

• Writing a training and development strategy
• Producing a programme for training courses
• Designing learning interventions
• Evaluating training and development

• More vocabulary for HR strategy documents, training methods, and training personalisation, collocations for HR.
• Listen to a discussion of development strategy and strategy evaluation, a training session to follow key points, for top-down processing of key phrases.
• Read a summary of a training programme, an employee development programme web page to scan for important information, both a numerical and a narrative evaluation form for understanding of structure and to compare the two.
• Formal written English Part 2.

• Coaching in the workplace
• Conducting a mentoring session
• Dealing with staff problems
• Delivering a counselling service

• Managing conflict, making recommendations, informal spoken English.
• Vocabulary for coaching methods, undertaking coaching sessions.
• Asking open questions.
• Listen to extracts from a coaching, mentoring and counselling session to compare and contrast structure, discourse, and types of phrases, an informal discussion on a new employee and a workshop on a coaching framework to follow the main points and infer new language.
• Read an informal email to skim for informal written English, a mentoring contract for understanding of structure and to prepare a written response.

• Planning for a development review
• Introducing a new review scheme
• Delivering an employee briefing
• Conducting a development review/ performance appraisal interview
• Preparing a performance appraisal report
• Equal opportunities and diversity

• The language of appraisal interviews: diplomatic language, softening disagreement, discussing an action plan.
• Vocabulary for approaches to employee development review.
• Describing possibility in the past, describing intentions, plans and possibility in the future.
• Listen to an action planning meeting, extracts from two briefing sessions, a Q&A session, an employee development review meeting to identify context, topic, and formality, to identify important words and phrases.
• Read an HR forum discussion, a company case study for gist and inference, and to prepare an oral response.

• Employment contracts
• Disciplinary and grievance procedures
• Writing a disciplinary procedure
• Investigating a complaint
• Conducting a disciplinary hearing
• Dealing with a grievance
• Stress and workplace injuries

• Asking questions using intentional intonation, giving and requesting information, summarising opinions.
• The language of contracts, vocabulary for causes of grievances.
• Listen to a complaint about an employee to identify key points and conduct information transfer, a disciplinary hearing to identify formality and formal English phrases, a discussion of a grievance and an informal meeting to resolve a grievance with a focus on tone in questions.
• Read a disciplinary flowchart to prepare an oral response, a disciplinary policy document for understanding of structure.
• Writing offer and rejection letters, a set of rules of conduct.

• Salaries and fringe benefits
• Salary reviews
• Evaluating a reward system
• Introducing a new reward system
• Writing a reward strategy

• Asking for and giving feedback, dis/agreeing, clarifying, interrupting, talking about figures and numbers, discussing employee surveys and focus groups.
• Words and phrases for different reward systems (e.g., financial and non-financial rewards), language for interviewing employees.
• Listen to a discussion of a company’s reward system, a conversation about the launch of a new reward system to follow the main points and conduct information transfer.
• Read the results of an employee survey/ results of a focus group to prepare an oral summary.
• Write a reward strategy document, and an e-mail to notify employees of the introduction of a new system.

• The role of trade unions
• Labour relations
• A wage negotiation

• The language of negotiating (persuading, bargaining, making offers and counters, accepting and turning down offers diplomatically).
• Read a case study of an industrial relations issue to follow the main points, identify stances, and prepare an oral response, an HR blog to lift practical tips for managing employee relations.
• Listen to a podcast about the secrets of bargaining for gist and specific information.
• Write a formal e-mail informing employees of the outcome of a wage negotiation.

• Creating an HR brand
• Communicating the brand message
• Negotiating service level agreements
• Developing a consultancy role

• Explaining plans and ideas, managing clashes between ideas.
• Read a set of corporate objectives, a service portfolio table, a sample careers web page (Marks and Spencer’s) to take notes and produce an oral response.
• Listen to a conversation about HR branding to identify context, main points, and speakers’ stances, an explanation of a model for branding to take diagrammatic notes, a negotiation of service level agreements for specific words and phrases.
• Writing: summarising brand platforms, making e-mails sound enthusiastic.

•    Personal skills
• Job applications
• Job interviews

• Present oneself in a positive light during a mock interview.
• Adjectives and positive phrases for personal qualities, nouns for skills and experience.
• Review the past simple vs. the present perfect for talking about experience.
• Read model CVs and covering letters to compare and contrast.
• Listen to interview questions, answers for note-taking on tips.
• Compose a successful CV and covering letter.

• The role of managers
• Management vs. leadership
• Entrepreneurship
• Defining management
• Characteristics of managers and qualities of leaders
• History of management theory
• Management Style
• Modern management Theory

• Speak about entrepreneurship from a prepared set of notes, phrases and conversational functions to manage/ participate in/ lead meetings effectively.
• Job titles, words from general English with a special meaning in management, prefixes and suffixes.
• Read definitions of management for gist, to complete with collocating words, to prepare an oral response, the messages of key management theorists across history for understanding of stance, modern management theory for understanding of structure.
• Listen to prepare for a lecture about the pitfalls for new managers, to predict lecture content from the introduction, for understanding of structure, to choose an appropriate form of notes.

• Leadership styles
• Choosing a personal managerial style
• Groups and teams
• Diversity
• Team Building
• Dealing with superiors
• Conflict Management
• Negotiating Styles
• Project Management

• Discuss possible solutions to conflict.
• Synonyms, nouns from verbs, adjectives to describe leadership styles, types of conflict, unscramble keywords related to project management, common ‘direction’ verbs in writing rubrics.
• Read about different negotiation styles to extract key information and represent it in a continuum, to understand dependent clauses with passive structures.
• Paraphrasing a diagram in words, expanding notes into complex sentences, write a weekly diary/to do lists prioritising/setting objectives/acting or delegating to help with time management, writing up writing plans.

• Motivation and rewards
• Encouraging initiative and innovation
• Learning and development
• Hard and Soft Human Resources Management
• Understanding risk inclination
• The generation gap
• Managing remote employees
• The place of social media at work

• Make effective contributions and refer to other people’s ideas in a seminar-style speaking activity.
• Fixed phrases from management English and academic English, vocabulary related to motivation, word partnerships and colligation with ‘need’.
• Listen to a discussion of development strategy and strategy evaluation, a training session to follow key points, for top-down processing of key phrases, to a technical talk for gist, to follow the main points, to recognise digressions and how to handle them while note-taking.
• Read a summary of a training programme, an employee development programme web page to scan for important information, excerpts from a book on risk inclination, generation gaps, remote employees, and social media to recognise the writer’s stance.

• Organisational culture
• Definitions and characteristics
• Developing organisational culture
• Cultural variance
• Power politics

How political are you?

• Forces for change and innovation
• Change management and communication
• Dealing with resistance to change

• Debate the role of uniforms, logos, awards, etc. in the creation of an organisational culture, evaluate the political issues present in own working environment, use a flow chart to talk about the process of change management.
• Abstract nouns and adjectives to define organisational culture and cultural variance, word partnerships for company responses to change and change communication, dictionary: headwords, definitions, pronunciation and grammatical indicators.
• Read to find specific information using research questions, for understanding of structure using topic sentences, definitions of power for inference of new words and to take short notes.
• Listen to an expert talk about the forces of change for information transfer.
• Organise writing and paragraphing using topic sentences.

• The external environment
• The industry environment
• Standards
• Ethical issues
• Looking after people
• Having a legal awareness

• Brainstorm how to meet different types of external pressures, express opinions and justify personal handling of ethical issues at the workplace.
• Types of pressure that impact business, word stress from noun to adjective, word partnerships for minimum standards of corporate behaviour.
• Read for gist, inference of conceptual keywords, and to prepare an oral response about the impact of these concepts on industry environment.
• Listen to an expert talking about various legal matters to identify topic and context, and to make notes in the form of infographics.

• Evolution of industrial relations
• Issues in industrial relations
• Typical procedures: industrial action etc.
• Salary Administration

“Oh my God! I can’t fire anyone!”

• Neutral and marked words, fixed expressions from industrial relations, the language of negotiating (persuading, bargaining, making offers and counters, accepting and turning down offers diplomatically).
• Read a case study of an industrial relations issue to follow the main points, to recognise the writer’s stance, to infer implicit ideas and level of confidence/ tentativeness, read a passage about apprehensiveness about firing to prepare a summary (a set of tips).
• Listen to a podcast about the secrets of bargaining for gist and specific information.
• Write a situation-problem-solution-evaluation report, compile a reference list, write a formal e-mail informing employees of the outcome of a wage negotiation.

• Planning, Sequencing and timing: a Gantt Chart
• Total Quality Management
• Corporate strategy
• Portfolio analysis
• Crisis and contingency planning
• International markets and situation analysis
• Competition

• Present the steps in a management by objective flowchart, tell a fable representing the steps of strategic management.
• Word sets: synonyms, antonyms, etc., collocates with ‘plan’, descriptors for tables/ charts/ graphs, the language of trends.
• Read to prepare a Gantt chart showing sequencing and timing, read a corporate structure for understanding of structure and typical sub-titles, read a Boston matrix for gist.
• Listen to a technical talk to understand signposting and to lift words and phrases with this function, to work on building a personal shorthand for note-taking.
• Prepare oral and written responses while playing the ‘suddenly’ story-telling game with an international marketing situation, incorporate elements of market analysis.

• The time value of money
• Asset, bond and share valuation
• Project appraisal

• Play the online game Fiscal Ship, expressing opinions and justifying decisions while choosing policies to meet company goals and simultaneously restraining debt, pitch an investment opportunity highlighting its potential returns, risks, and valuation methods.
• Terms related to financial control indicators, synonyms, replacement subjects, etc. for sentence-level paraphrasing.
• Read to locate key information in complex sentences.
• More practice writing complex sentences, report findings from other sources, avoiding plagiarism.

• Organisational structure and analysis
• Production methods
• Operations management
• The control process
• Research and development

• Present arguments and evidence and prepare for counterarguments on the importance of R&D for driving innovation and growth.
• Management abbreviations, word partnerships for operations, stress patterns in multi-syllable words, prefixes.
• Read a control process flow chart for understanding of main points, inference of new words, to identify the correct summaries from among distractors of aspects of R&D.
• Listen to predict the content of a TED Talk about operations management, to make notes.
• Write a step-by-step guide on how to implement a specific production method in a chosen industry.

• Information and data handling
• Information systems used to aid management

• Phrases for data handling, data crossword, verbs used to introduce ideas from other sources, adjectives to modify quantity.
• Linking words and phrases conveying contrast.
• Read for gist, information flow, and to understand how ideas in a text are linked.
• Listen to a set of clues for specific words and numbers and to identify the corresponding piece of information from a given dataset, to a discussion of the benefits and challenges of using a specific information system in an organisation to follow the main points and to prepare a personalised oral response.
• Incorporating quotations, writing effective introductions and conclusions, write an interview with a successful CEO, asking a question about how they manage data, deciding whether to paraphrase or use direct quotation.

• Marketing orientation and market share
• Brand strategy
• The marketing process: from analysis to marketing mix formulation

• Improvise a description of how to incorporate one of the 4 Ps in a product/ service, build a persuasive argument.
• Word and partnerships related to the marketing mix and the 4 Ps, stress patterns in noun phrases and compounds, words and phrases used to link ideas, fixed expressions from academic English.
• Listen to a partner’s description of a product/ service and suggest a P for them to begin talking about, listen to a lecture about marketing to build up a full set of notes.
• Read mission statements from various companies to insert missing information and guess the company.
• Write a marketing plan diary entry reflecting on the process of creating a marketing plan, the challenges faced, and the strategies found most effective.

• Working across frontiers
• Globalisation, global issues, and the future
• International organisations
• International marketing

• Share opinions and build on what others have said about factors to consider ahead of expansion, participate in a controversial press conference on a topic such as the impact of globalisation on diversity etc.
• Association word clouds on the concept of ‘globalisation’.
• Read about 16 different cultural values for gist, identification of appropriate contexts, and personalised oral response.
• Listen to a Ted Talk on regional and global issues to take notes on specifically assigned points, to a motivational speaker about the role of public speaking in a leader’s career for specific tips and phrases.
• Create a marketing campaign in any combination of media taking a fictional product/ service into a new region of the world.

• What is an entrepreneur?
• The role of entrepreneurs
• Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs
• Idea generation
• Entrepreneurship as a career
• Benefits of being an entrepreneur
• Leadership

• Prepare and ask questions to a keynote speaker and successful entrepreneur about their qualities and strategies, roleplay an aspiring entrepreneur but in a different historical period, demonstrating leadership and solving problems of the time.
• Listen to a podcast about the role of entrepreneurs to identify the main ideas, listen to a panel discussion on the benefits of being an entrepreneur to follow main points and infer speakers’ opinions.
• Read a case study on a successful entrepreneur to skim for qualities and to prepare an oral response taking opposite emotional sides and answering comprehension questions from those stances, a blog post on the challenges of entrepreneurship to prepare an oral response offering solutions.
• Write a reflective journal entry on the benefits of being an entrepreneur, offering evidence from all lesson resources on this unit.

• Business Creativity
• Problem-solving techniques
• Choosing Your Mission
• Conducting a Needs Analysis
• Gathering Information
• Identifying Your Target Markets
• Building and Testing Your Business Idea
• Product development

• Speed-date and compile a class survey about the products and corresponding target markets floated during a speed-dating activity, present a simple crafted (from paper, cardboard, digital tools etc.) prototype of a business idea and use feedback cards to comment on effectiveness and suggest improvements.
• Words and word partnerships related to preferences, demographic groups, behavioural tendencies, nouns for products, adjectives for their features, terms for stages in product development, conversational functions for explaining how something solves a problem or meets a need.
• Listen to a podcast about real-world problems facing entrepreneurs for specific information, note-taking, and to brainstorm possible solutions.
• Read a set of solutions arrived at by famous business to identify context and the problem they were resolving, for inference and elicitation of key vocabulary related to problems, causes, and effects/ results.
• Create a short description of an appropriate target market for a product, including demographic, psychographic, and behavioural information.

• Resilience
• Adaptability
• Learning from failure
• Self-motivation
• Learning by doing
• Learn from other entrepreneurs
• Educational programs and resources for self-study

• Brainstorm the impact of entrepreneurial spirit on practical life skills, give a Ted Talk about self-discipline, problem-solving ability, and frugality in good entrepreneurs.
• Abstract nouns, adjectives, and adverbs to talk about and qualify soft skills.
• Present tenses and modal verbs for recommendation, strong recommendation, and obligation.
• Follow a conversation between two entrepreneurs on one of the following subjects: resilience, adaptability, learning from failure, self-motivation, learning by doing to follow the main points, take notes, and participate in a jigsaw reconstruction of what was heard.
• Read extracts from a monograph on entrepreneurs/ leaders to skim and scan for information on self-discipline, problem-solving ability, and frugality, and to prepare a written response in the form of a speech on the added benefits of these qualities, conduct web research on additional self-learning resources on entrepreneurship and share with classmates.
• Design an entrepreneurship course with a focus on teaching students communication, good time management, discipline, adaptability, resilience, negotiation, and teamworking.

• Getting your business plan down on paper
• Doing market research (target audience, competition analysis, SWOT analysis)
• Business policy and strategy
• Business start-up

• List the key components of a business plan, conduct a vox pop to gather information about a target audience, present a SWOT analysis of a chosen company with a constraint on the industry.
• Future tenses to describe plans, future needs, and events, descriptors for tables/ charts/ graphs, the language of trends.
• Listen to a coach with experience in developing business plans for practical tips and to adjust work accordingly, to a panel discussion on the role of competition analysis in business success, participate in an entrepreneurial movie night watching extracts of movies/ documentaries for specific information about business strategy seen and to present opinions and reflections.
• Read sample business plans for fictitious and real projects for understanding of structure and to place missing elements, read a market research report to identify trends, take notes, and prepare a short oral response.
• Create a business plan with a one-page executive summary for a unique venture that takes advantage of an upcoming trend or unites unrelated processes, build a competitor analysis chart for a chosen industry/ product, analyse a chosen company’s start-up process and create a timeline and infographic on the budget for that project.

• Pitching and presenting
• The Elevator Pitch
• Investor presentations
• Networking
• Conferences and Trade Fairs

• Deliver an elevator pitch in the time it takes to ride the school elevator, participate in a trade fair/ conference scenario and exchange cards with at least three people, roleplay a Shark Tank investor presentation using the business plan from a previous unit.
• Revision of past tenses and expressions related to the past, the language of persuasion (e.g., storytelling), conversational functions for building rapport (e.g., the inclusion of the listener with pronouns), impact-making strategies (e.g., short sentences, strong action verbs), opening/ supporting/ concluding a presentation effectively with signposting phrases
• Listen to various examples of elevator pitches, investor presentations, and networking conversations from real-life situations, such as TED Talks, business podcasts, or online webinars to identify the contexts, topics, and listen for specific words and conversational phrases unique to each.
• Read infographics and listicles about what makes a sales pitch effective for gist and information transfer into a set of tips for scripting a persuasive one.
• Write a script for a sales pitch OR for a networking event between a set of celebrities to accomplish a set of pre-determined goals.

• Budgeting
• Cash flow management
• Financial statements
• Funding options
• Venture Capital/ Corporate Finance

• Roleplay a specific investor or entrepreneur according to role cards including their background, investment preferences, and business goals to negotiate a potential investment deal, considering factors such as risk, return on investment, and business viability.
• Terms for various funding options, formal English for recommending and reporting, select reporting verbs.
• Listen to a technical financial discussion to follow the main points, extract key information, and specific numbers and words.
• Read a financial statement for information transfer to an e-mail related to budgeting, a case study on a budgeting issue to prepare oral responses giving opinions, offering solutions, and making formal recommendations.
• Add to the business plan created a few units ago considering various expenses, revenue source, financial goals, expected in/outflows of cash for a specific period.

• Setting up a Retail Store
• Franchising Management
• Family Business Management
• Social Enterprise Management

• Show and tell with a family business succession plan including the roles and responsibilities of family members and the decision-making process.
• Phrases for staging instructions, describing a process, the language of contrast, advanced family members vocabulary.
• Listen to a set of stages/ instructions for setting up a retail store for specific information on store layout, visual merchandising, and customer service techniques, to a technical talk on the legal considerations of franchising, to a testimonial about running a family business to take notes on unique challenges.
• Read an inventory or a sales strategy or a general note on store planning for gist, to follow the main points, and to retell, read a franchise agreement for specific information on fees, support services, dis/advantages, the mission statement of a social enterprise to extract details on stakeholder engagement and sustainability strategies for implementation in own business plans.
• Create a visual presentation for a retail store’s unique selling proposition, competitive advantage, store layout, and merchandising.

• Operations and Operational Management
• Production methods
• Inventory management
• Logistics
• Quality control
• Setting your Fees/ Pricing your merchandise
• Getting Paid
• Working with strategic partners or vendors
• Working with support staff

• Create a short skit in groups illustrating different production methods and their dis/advantages, debate an assigned pricing strategy from the in favour and then the against point of view.
• Listen, read, and speak to participate in a logistics scavenger hunt looking for specific products/ transport hubs/ warehouses in the local area then planning the most efficient route to collect all the items in the shortest amount of time.
• Listen to a talk about different types of strategies partnerships to confirm predictions (brainstormed ideas for how a list of partnerships could benefit a particular business).
• Read an actual case study of a company that faced quality control issues for key information, to identify the causes of the problem and to prepare an oral/ written response with solutions.
• Types of production methods (e.g., mass production, batch production, custom production), the language of comparison, the language of cause, effect and solution, pricing strategy terms/ partnerships/ collocates (e.g., cost-based pricing, value-based pricing), review dis/agreeing/ justifying/ rebutting language.
• Create and manage a virtual store’s inventory, make purchasing decisions, and win with highest profits at the end of the game, write a script from the point of view of different support staff roles (e.g., customer service representative, warehouse manager) for a given scenario related to getting paid (e.g., a customer who wants to return a product, a client who is late in paying an invoice).

• Scaling a business
• Strategic partnerships
• International markets
• Human Resource Management
• Information Technology Management

• Participate in a case study about a company that has successfully implemented digital transformation in its HR processes for the key factors that contributed to the company’s success (e.g., use of HR analytics, cloud-based HR systems, employee self-service portals), and for personalisation to own organisations.
• The language of presenting opinions in semi-formal writing, ways of introducing what someone else has said and providing more information on the topic, terms for information systems related to HR management.
• Listen to a boardroom meeting to identify context, topics related to scaling a business, international markets, strategic and HR management, to recognise different accents, speech patterns, and intonations, select from a list of recommended podcasts about the unit’s topics to listen and prepare a written response for gallery viewing.
• Read out the news from various sources, such as online newspapers, business magazines, or industry blogs, in a bulletin for gist, fact-checking, and to prepare a written opinion piece.

• Marketing Tools
• Marketing Techniques
• Marketing Management and Strategies
• Branding
• Customer segmentation
• Pricing
• Community Outreach

• Roleplay brand ambassadors in a boardroom meeting discussing the strengths and weaknesses of their respective brands and proposing strategies for improvement and then in a public/ press interview promoting the brand, create visual representations (e.g., posters, infographics) of different customer segments and their characteristics, then participate in a gallery walk, analysing the various segments presented by peers.
• The language of persuasion on positive and negative traits, phrases and conversational functions for giving constructive peer feedback, review strategies for structuring explanations and answering questions strategically.
• Listen to a monologue about various marketing tools for information transfer to a table/ chart showing effectiveness, impact, limitations, etc.
• Read various social media pricing case studies to lift key factors that influence pricing decisions, and to prepare an oral response proposing alternative pricing strategies.
• Stage or really collaborate with local businesses/ community organisations/ schools to host an entrepreneurial fair, creating a schedule for the event, preparing prompts for engaging with visitors, explaining a unique business idea, answering questions, preparing feedback forms for visitors, then write up a reflection after the experience (What did they learn about entrepreneurship and community engagement? How did they use English to communicate their ideas effectively? What challenges did they face, and how did they overcome them?)

• Business communication
• Selling your services
• Customer acquisition
• Customer retention
• Customer service

• Participate in an escape room: customer courting edition, using knowledge of sales and customer services language, techniques, and tools to complete listening, reading, speaking, writing, and physical challenges, design a digital tool in groups to give insights into customer behaviour and present its functions to the class.
• Types of customer retention strategies (e.g., loyalty programmes, gamification of customer experience, personalisation, live chats, etc.), describing how a digital tool works, conveying positive, negative, compassionate tone through choice of words, phrases, sequencing and syntax.
• Listen to phone calls and meetings between sales representatives and customers to extract the main points, identify effective communication strategies, correct inappropriate language, practise active listening including with peers in class.
• Read online product/ service reviews to infer customers’ stance, identify the reasons customers have left positive/ negative feedback and to prepare a short response to one of the reviews, addressing the customer’s concerns/ thanking them for their positive feedback.
• Write a persuasive sales email to a potential customer, offering a special promotion, and exchange for peer feedback.

• Contracts
• Intellectual property
• Business ethics
• Social responsibility

• Competitively negotiate a personal or a business contract using a set of goal cards and associated points, participate in a chain game of Dilemma concerning ethical problems faced in personal and business situations, find someone in the class who has a similar idea for a much-needed CSR campaign in their locality/ region.
• Common formal and legal terms, phrases for arguing, conceding a point, making compromises, stating red lines etc. in both spoken and written production, terms in the word family of copyright and IP, the language of speculating and giving conditional responses.
• Listen to a TED Talk to get inside information about business contracts in business and take notes, listen to songs or watch movie clips to participate in a discussion on the importance of intellectual property rights in the entertainment industry, expanding into the use of copyrighted material in education, and also product patents
• Read a fact sheet to lift key information and phrases about contractual employment rights and to prepare an informative oral vlog/ reel, skim and scan material from a recent corporate social responsibility campaign to summarise its main goals and prepare a short oral reaction about whether they have been met.
• Write a letter to a local politician to express strong views on the need for strengthened intellectual property laws, write a personal informal diary entry about a time when one faced an ethical dilemma and how they resolved it.